SPECIES ENDEMIC TO CELEBES
SPECIES ENDEMIC TO CELEBES
(Part 1)
(Part 1)
Sulawesi or Celebes Island is an island in the Indonesia region that lies between the island of Borneo in the west and the Maluku Islands in the east. With an area of 174 600 km², Celebes is the 11th largest island in the world. In Indonesia, only the island of Sumatra, Borneo and New Guinea alone is larger than the area of Celebes island, while in terms of population only Java and Sumatra alone will be larger than the population of Celebes.
Name Celebes is estimated to come from the word in the languages of Central Celebes, namely the word sula, which means homeland (island) and said mesi which means iron (metal), which may refer to the practice of trading iron ore production of mines which were scattered around the lake Matano, near Sorowako, East Luwu. While the nation / Portuguese people who come around 14-15 century BC is the first foreign nation to use the name to refer Celebes island as a whole.
Celebes
Island is located in the Asian continent, this it archipelago precisely in the Republic of Indonesia. Celebes
is the fourth largest island in Indonesia after Papua, Kalimantan and Sumatra
with a land area of 174 600 square kilometers. The
unique shape resembles a rose spider or large letter K stretching from north to
south and three peninsula that stretches to the northeast, east, and southeast.
The
island is limited by the Makassar Strait in the west and separated from Borneo
and also separated from the Maluku Islands Maluku Sea. Celebes
is bordered by Borneo to the west, the Philippines to the north, in the
southern Flores, Timor in the southeast and Maluku in the east.
This island has now been divided into six administrative regions including North Celebes, Gorontalo, Central Celebes, South Celebes, West Celebes and Southeast Celebes. Celebes Island has long been a byword once the kalanggan European missionaries because in this island there are many exotic flora and fauna. Celebes Island has long been known as one of the island that is rich in biodiversity. On this island many local and international research conducted to help determine what the natural peculiarities of this island, including research on a species endemic to the island selawesi I would inform this time as follows:
1. Anoa
- Anoa lowland
Anoa lowland (Bubalus
depressicornis) is a type of dwarf buffalo that were encountered in almost
all parts of the island of Celebes include central Celebes, North Celebes,
eastern Celebes, Celebes southeast, and the island of Buton in low-lying areas
up to an altitude of 1000 meters above sea level , Anoa lowlands
often called dwarf buffalo. The
characteristic features of this dwarf buffalo is: has the relatively smaller
size, has a longer tail and soft, as well as curling horns and a longer range
18-37 cm, has a more sparse fur, has a body length of about 180 cm with a
weight range between 200 up
to 300 kg.
- Anoa mountains
Mountains dwarf buffalo (Bubalus quarlesi) is a type of dwarf buffalo that habitat in the
mountains on the island of Celebes and Buton Island. This
dwarf buffalo choose to live in an area that has a lot of vegetation and water
sources are permanently out of the reach of man. Mountains dwarf
buffalo live solitary or in pairs. anoa
mountains have characteristics: has a very thick fur with dark brown or black
color. Has
a relatively short horns, straight to backward point angle with a length
between 15-20 cm. Long
dwarf buffalo head to foot in the mountains around 122-153 cm, tail length reaches
27 cm, weighing less than 150 kg for an adult dwarf buffalo.
2. Babi Rusa
Babirusa (Babyrousa
babyrussa) there are only around Celebes, Togian Island, Malenge, Sula,
Buru and Maluku. Habitat
babirusa are found in tropical rain forests. These
animals love to devour the fruits and herbs, such as mangoes, mushrooms and
leaves. They
only hunt for food at night to avoid some of the wild animals are often
attacked.
Babirusa body length of about 87 to 106 centimeters. High
babirusa range in 65-80 centimeters and his weight can reach 90 kilograms. Although
it is a loner, they generally live in groups with a stud of the most powerful
as its leader. The shy animals can be ferocious when disturbed. Long
fangs sticking up, shielding his eyes from the handy rattan thorns. Babirusa
females give birth to one to two tails one delivery. Pregnancy ranged
from 125 to 150 days. Baby
babirusa it will be fed for one month, after which it will find their own food
in the jungle free. During the
year babirusa females only give birth to one. Babirusa
a mature age five to 10 months, and can last up to 24 years of age.
They are often hunted for prey locals or were
deliberately killed for damaging farms and plantations. Animal
populations are also prey on the larvae have increasingly little to include in
the list of protected animals. Their
number is estimated at 4,000 tails and found only in Indonesia.
Since 1996 the animals have been entered in the category
of rare and endangered by the IUCN and CITES. But
they often found babirusa meat trade in North Celebes. Therefore,
the research and development of biological LIPI in cooperation with the local
government and its Ministry of Forestry and the University of Sam Ratulangi
held the program's protection of endangered animals. These
include habitat protection supervision babirusa and make babirusa protection
garden on a land of 800 hectares.
3. Monkey Black Celebes
Celebes black monkey (Macaca
tonkeana). Habitat
Macaca tonkeana almost the same as the others, namely Celebes Black Monkeys
live in lowland forests and secondary forests. This
monkey species are among of the north Palu until Toradja south-Tana National
Park and covers the entire peninsula east.
Interestingly many types of monkeys genus Macaca Celebes
overall compared with monkeys in Asia. Whereas
the area of the island of Celebes is only 2% of the area of deployment
types genus Macaca, but the kind that are more than 25% of the diversity of the
genus (Albrecht, 1978).
Taxonomy monkeys Celebes is still very confusing. Fooden
(1969) describe there are seven types of monkeys Celebes (M. maura in South Celebes,
Central Celebes M. tonkeana., M. hecki in north-central Celebes, M. nigrescens
near Gorontalo-Kotamubagu, M. nigra in North Celebes, M.
ochreata in southeast Celebes and M. brunnescens in Muna and Buton island)
which is a revision of which has been proposed by Napier and Napier (1967).
Special Macaca tonkeana a few years ago are still often found in the outskirts of the forest along the Trans-Celebes road including road segment coffee plantations, in Donggala often seen on the hill Bale in Banawa and Hill Lapaloang up to the outskirts of the village on the coast of Banawa and pingiran City Donggala , when even this is still often seen, though not as much as previously.
Special Macaca tonkeana a few years ago are still often found in the outskirts of the forest along the Trans-Celebes road including road segment coffee plantations, in Donggala often seen on the hill Bale in Banawa and Hill Lapaloang up to the outskirts of the village on the coast of Banawa and pingiran City Donggala , when even this is still often seen, though not as much as previously.
4. Couscous
- Couscous bear Celebes
Celebes Bear Cuscus (Ailurops
ursinus) is a type of animal that entered the marsupial mammals or
marsupials in Families Phalangeridae. Fitchew
bear is a species that is the largest and most primitive among other
Phalangeridae family very different from dwarf fitch his size is relatively
small but clever and fitch bear found only in Celebes and surrounding islands. Therefore
fitch is one species endemic to eastern Indonesia. Kuskus
is classified as ordinary animals that live in trees (arboreal) that many
shelter under a canopy of trees in lowland forests, active throughout the day,
and is generally found in pairs (Tarmudji and MacKinon, 1980).
Fitch deployment bears in Indonesia includes the island
of Celebes, Peleng, Talaud and Malange, the habitat is lowland forest up to an
altitude of 2000 meters. Female
cuscus has a pouch located on the skin of her stomach, a well-developed, open
towards the front, and has four teats. The
duration of pregnancy in animals is very short ie approximately one month. When
a baby is born fitch still shaped embryo (embryo) which will naturally be
edging toward a parent bag, dwells in the bag and will suck its mother's nipple
for 6-7 months. After
that period fitch child will learn to eat the food as it is eaten by its
mother. Dwiyahreni et al. (1999)
reported that its natural habitat bears fitch 63.4% using the time to rest and
sleep, 23% to treat the body, 7.5% for the move, 5.6% for the meal, and 0.4%
for social activities , But
during the mating season they will live in a small group that contains the
parent and their children.
Fitch movement bears are not common. Fitchew
bears will use its tail for grasping branches when moving from one tree to
another. Maybe
we will be a little difficult to find in the wild because other than he lived
in trees, this unique animal also includes animals quiet. In
fact, he would not speak if you do not feel disturbed or threatened.
Another unique thing possessed by animals of this tree is his penchant to sleep. Food fitch Bears are the young leaves. Flowers and fruit is still unripe. Fitchew bear like young leaves because it is easier to digest and less toxicity.
Another unique thing possessed by animals of this tree is his penchant to sleep. Food fitch Bears are the young leaves. Flowers and fruit is still unripe. Fitchew bear like young leaves because it is easier to digest and less toxicity.
- Couscous dwarf Celebes
Kuskus Runt (Strigocuscus
celebensis) is a type of polecat smaller than the other species. This
fitchew can be found on the island of Celebes and surrounding areas. Fitch
a little dwarf has a pale color overall, a little line on the back, and partly
hairless tail. This
animal is a small possum, weighing 1 kg or less. Head
and body length is 294-380 mm and 270-373 mm tail length. Some
polecat was also marked by a large measure on third premolars, widening in
orbit zygomatic arch, and a short paroccipital process.
5. Tarsier
Tarsier spent most of his life in the trees. These
animals mark their territory with a local tree urine. Tarsier
move by jumping from tree to tree. These
animals even sleep and childbirth continue to rely on the tree trunk. Tarsier
can not walk on land, they jump while on the ground.
Tarsier (Tarsius
tarsier) a type of primate. The
length of the head and body 10 to 15 cm, but its hind legs almost twice as long
as this, they also have a slender tail length of 20 to 25 cm. Have
a reddish-brown body with gray skin color, wide-eyed with ears facing forward
and have a wide shape. Tarsier
is capable of up to 180 ° rotating head, this happens because the tarsier's
eyes tersiman on fixed eye socket. Eyes
bigger sizes larger than his own brain. This
eye can be used to discern in the dark but otherwise, these animals could
barely see during the day.
Tarmudji & James G. MacKinnon, 1980. "Several Tests for Model Specification in the Presence of Alternative
Hypotheses," Working
Papers 378, Queen's University, Department of Economics.
Dwiyahreni, A.A., Kinnaird, M.F., O’Brien, T.G., Supriatna,J. and Andayani,
N. 1999. Diet and activity of the bear cuscus, Ailurops ursinus, in North
Sulawesi, Indonesia. Journal of Mammalogy. 80:905-912.
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